What Causes Eardrum Perforation and When Is Surgery Needed?

 

A perforated eardrum is a tear or hole in the thin tissue that separates the ear canal from the middle ear. While small perforations can heal on their own, larger or persistent ones may require medical attention, including surgery. 

Let’s take a closer look at what causes this condition and when surgery becomes necessary.

Common Causes of Eardrum Perforation

Several factors can lead to an eardrum tear, including:

  • Ear infections – A middle ear infection (otitis media) can cause fluid buildup, increasing pressure that may rupture the eardrum.

  • Sudden pressure changes (Barotrauma) – Rapid altitude changes, such as during air travel, scuba diving, or even a loud explosion, can cause a perforation.

  • Injury or trauma – Inserting cotton swabs, sharp objects, or experiencing a blow to the ear can damage the eardrum.

  • Loud noises – Exposure to sudden, extremely loud sounds, like gunshots or fireworks, can create enough force to tear the eardrum.

  • Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) – Problems such as ear pressure imbalance or blocked ear tube can lead to increased strain, making the eardrum more vulnerable to rupture.

Symptoms of a Perforated Eardrum

A torn eardrum may cause:

  • Sharp ear pain, which may subside quickly

  • Hearing loss or muffled sounds

  • Ear drainage (fluid or pus leaking from the ear)

  • Ringing in the ear (tinnitus)

  • Dizziness or vertigo

When Is Surgery Needed?

In most cases, small perforations heal naturally within a few weeks. However, surgery may be required if:

  • The hole does not close on its own within 2-3 months

  • There is significant hearing loss

  • Frequent ear infections develop.

  • There is chronic ear drainage (fluid leaking from ear) that doesn’t improve with medication

How Surgery Helps

A procedure called myringoplasty repairs the eardrum using a small patch of tissue. This improves hearing, prevents infections, and protects the middle ear from further damage. At Vitadell Healthcare, our specialists provide expert ENT daycare treatment in Kolkata, ensuring safe and effective care with faster recovery.

If you’re experiencing persistent ear issues, don’t ignore them. Visit our ENT specialists for the right treatment today!

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